PHP practical exercises

Certainly! Below is a set of PHP practical exercises designed to cover the full course content outlined in your syllabus. Each exercise includes a description, syllabus coverage, aim, and PHP code. These exercises are structured to align with the Competency 10: Develops websites incorporating multimedia technologies (using HTML 5) and Competency 10.7: Creates dynamic web pages using PHP and MySQL

Exercise 10.1: Basic PHP Syntax

Description : Write a PHP script that outputs “Hello, World!” on a web page.
Syllabus Coverage : Introduction to dynamic web pages, embedding PHP code into web pages.
Aim : Introduce students to basic PHP syntax and its integration with HTML.

<!-- PHP Code -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>PHP Hello World</title>
</head>
<body>
    <?php
        echo "Hello, World!";
    ?>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>PHP Hello World</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

echo "Hello, World!";

</body>

</html>

Exercise 10.2: Variables and Data Types

Description : Write a PHP script that declares variables for a student’s name, age, and grade, and displays them on a web page.
Syllabus Coverage : Variables, primitive data types.
Aim : Teach students how to declare and use variables in PHP.

<!-- PHP Code -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>PHP Variables</title>
</head>
<body>
    <?php
        $name = "Alice";
        $age = 20;
        $grade = "A";

        echo "Name: $name<br>";
        echo "Age: $age<br>";
        echo "Grade: $grade<br>";
    ?>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>PHP Variables</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

$name = "Alice";

$age = 20;

$grade = "A";

echo "Name: $name<br>";

echo "Age: $age<br>";

echo "Grade: $grade<br>";

</body>

</html>

Exercise 10.3: Arrays

Description : Write a PHP script that creates an array of student names and displays them in a list format.
Syllabus Coverage : Arrays.
Aim : Introduce students to arrays and their usage in PHP.

<!-- PHP Code -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>PHP Arrays</title>
</head>
<body>
    <?php
        $students = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"];

        echo "<h3>Student List:</h3>";
        echo "<ul>";
        foreach ($students as $student) {
            echo "<li>$student</li>";
        }
        echo "</ul>";
    ?>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>PHP Arrays</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

$students = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"];

echo "<h3>Student List:</h3>";

echo "<ul>";

foreach ($students as $student) {

echo "<li>$student</li>";

}

echo "</ul>";

</body>

</html>

Exercise 10.4: Control Structures

Description : Write a PHP script that checks if a number is even or odd and displays the result.
Syllabus Coverage : Control structures (selection).
Aim : Teach students how to use conditional statements in PHP.

<!-- PHP Code -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>PHP Control Structures</title>
</head>
<body>
    <?php
        $number = 10;

        if ($number % 2 == 0) {
            echo "$number is even.";
        } else {
            echo "$number is odd.";
        }
    ?>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>PHP Control Structures</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

$number = 10;

if ($number % 2 == 0) {

echo "$number is even.";

} else {

echo "$number is odd.";

}

</body>

</html>

Exercise 10.5: Loops

Description : Write a PHP script that prints numbers from 1 to 10 using a loop.
Syllabus Coverage : Control structures (repetition).
Aim : Teach students how to use loops in PHP.

<!-- PHP Code -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>PHP Loops</title>
</head>
<body>
    <?php
        echo "<h3>Numbers from 1 to 10:</h3>";
        for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) {
            echo "$i<br>";
        }
    ?>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>PHP Loops</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

echo "<h3>Numbers from 1 to 10:</h3>";

for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) {

echo "$i<br>";

}

</body>

</html>

Exercise 10.6: Functions

Description : Write a PHP script that defines a function to calculate the area of a rectangle and calls it with user-provided values.
Syllabus Coverage : Functions, parameter passing, return values.
Aim : Introduce students to writing reusable functions in PHP.

<!-- PHP Code -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>PHP Functions</title>
</head>
<body>
    <?php
        function calculateArea($length, $width) {
            return $length * $width;
        }

        $length = 5;
        $width = 3;
        $area = calculateArea($length, $width);

        echo "The area of the rectangle is $area.";
    ?>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>PHP Functions</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php

function calculateArea($length, $width) {

return $length * $width;

}

$length = 5;

$width = 3;

$area = calculateArea($length, $width);

echo "The area of the rectangle is $area.";

</body>

</html>

Exercise 10.7: Forms and User Input

Description : Write a PHP script that creates a form to collect a user’s name and displays a greeting message.
Syllabus Coverage : Forms, input elements, GET/POST methods.
Aim : Teach students how to handle user input using forms in PHP.

<!-- PHP Code -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>PHP Forms</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form method="post" action="">
        <label for="name">Enter your name:</label>
        <input type="text" id="name" name="name">
        <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </form>

    <?php
        if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
            $name = htmlspecialchars($_POST['name']);
            echo "<h3>Hello, $name!</h3>";
        }
    ?>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>PHP Forms</title>

</head>

<body>

<label for="name">Enter your name:</label>

<button type="submit">Submit</button>

</form>

<?php

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {

$name = htmlspecialchars($_POST['name']);

echo "<h3>Hello, $name!</h3>";

}

</body>

</html>

Exercise 10.8: Connecting to a Database

Description : Write a PHP script that connects to a MySQL database, creates a table, inserts data, and retrieves it.
Syllabus Coverage : Database connectivity, working with databases.
Aim : Introduce students to database operations using PHP and MySQL.

<!-- PHP Code -->
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "test_db";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

// Create table
$sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS students (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    age INT
)";
$conn->query($sql);

// Insert data
$conn->query("INSERT INTO students (name, age) VALUES ('Alice', 20)");

// Retrieve data
$result = $conn->query("SELECT * FROM students");

echo "<h3>Students:</h3>";
while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
    echo "ID: " . $row["id"] . " - Name: " . $row["name"] . " - Age: " . $row["age"] . "<br>";
}

$conn->close();
?>

<?php

$servername = "localhost";

$username = "root";

$password = "";

$dbname = "test_db";

// Create connection

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

// Check connection

if ($conn->connect_error) {

die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);

}

// Create table

$sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS students (

id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,

age INT

)";

$conn->query($sql);

// Insert data

$conn->query("INSERT INTO students (name, age) VALUES ('Alice', 20)");

// Retrieve data

$result = $conn->query("SELECT * FROM students");

echo "<h3>Students:</h3>";

while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {

echo "ID: " . $row["id"] . " - Name: " . $row["name"] . " - Age: " . $row["age"] . "<br>";

}

$conn->close();

Exercise 10.9: Dynamic Web Pages with PHP and MySQL

Description : Write a PHP script that dynamically displays a list of products fetched from a MySQL database.
Syllabus Coverage : Creating dynamic web pages, retrieving data from MySQL.
Aim : Teach students how to create dynamic web pages by integrating PHP with MySQL.

<!-- PHP Code -->
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$dbname = "products_db";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

// Retrieve data
$result = $conn->query("SELECT * FROM products");

echo "<h3>Product List:</h3>";
while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
    echo "ID: " . $row["id"] . " - Name: " . $row["name"] . " - Price: $" . $row["price"] . "<br>";
}

$conn->close();
?>

<?php

$servername = "localhost";

$username = "root";

$password = "";

$dbname = "products_db";

// Create connection

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

// Check connection

if ($conn->connect_error) {

die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);

}

// Retrieve data

$result = $conn->query("SELECT * FROM products");

echo "<h3>Product List:</h3>";

while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {

echo "ID: " . $row["id"] . " - Name: " . $row["name"] . " - Price: $" . $row["price"] . "<br>";

}

$conn->close();

Exercise 10.10: File Handling

Description : Write a PHP script that reads a text file and displays its contents on a web page.
Syllabus Coverage : File handling (basic file operations).
Aim : Teach students how to read and display file contents using PHP.

<!-- PHP Code -->
<?php
$filename = "example.txt";

if (file_exists($filename)) {
    $content = file_get_contents($filename);
    echo "[crayon-67c1669bd18eb052370809 ]$content

<?php

$filename = "example.txt";

if (file_exists($filename)) {

$content = file_get_contents($filename);

echo "[crayon-67c1669bd18eb052370809 ]$content

”;
} else {
echo “File not found.”;
}
?>
[/crayon]

Exercise 10.11: Session Management

Description : Write a PHP script that uses sessions to track the number of times a user visits a page.
Syllabus Coverage : Sessions.
Aim : Introduce students to session management in PHP.

<!-- PHP Code -->
<?php
session_start();

if (!isset($_SESSION['visits'])) {
    $_SESSION['visits'] = 0;
}

$_SESSION['visits']++;

echo "You have visited this page " . $_SESSION['visits'] . " times.";
?>

<?php

session_start();

if (!isset($_SESSION['visits'])) {

$_SESSION['visits'] = 0;

}

$_SESSION['visits']++;

echo "You have visited this page " . $_SESSION['visits'] . " times.";

Below are advanced PHP exercises that go beyond the syllabus, exploring real-world applications and advanced concepts. These exercises will help you deepen your understanding of PHP and its capabilities in web development, backend programming, and integration with modern technologies.

Exercise 1: RESTful API Development

Description : Build a simple RESTful API using PHP to manage a list of products (CRUD operations).
What You Learn : REST principles, JSON handling, HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).
Code Example :

<?php
header("Content-Type: application/json");

// Simulated database
$products = [
    ["id" => 1, "name" => "Laptop", "price" => 1000],
    ["id" => 2, "name" => "Phone", "price" => 500]
];

$method = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'];
$input = json_decode(file_get_contents('php://input'), true);

switch ($method) {
    case 'GET':
        echo json_encode($products);
        break;

    case 'POST':
        $newProduct = $input;
        $newProduct['id'] = count($products) + 1;
        $products[] = $newProduct;
        echo json_encode(["message" => "Product added", "product" => $newProduct]);
        break;

    case 'PUT':
        $id = $input['id'];
        foreach ($products as &$product) {
            if ($product['id'] == $id) {
                $product['name'] = $input['name'];
                $product['price'] = $input['price'];
                echo json_encode(["message" => "Product updated", "product" => $product]);
                break;
            }
        }
        break;

    case 'DELETE':
        $id = $input['id'];
        $products = array_filter($products, function ($product) use ($id) {
            return $product['id'] != $id;
        });
        echo json_encode(["message" => "Product deleted"]);
        break;

    default:
        http_response_code(405);
        echo json_encode(["error" => "Method Not Allowed"]);
}
?>

<?php

header("Content-Type: application/json");

// Simulated database

$products = [

["id" => 1, "name" => "Laptop", "price" => 1000],

["id" => 2, "name" => "Phone", "price" => 500]

];

$method = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'];

$input = json_decode(file_get_contents('php://input'), true);

switch ($method) {

case 'GET':

echo json_encode($products);

break;

case 'POST':

$newProduct = $input;

$newProduct['id'] = count($products) + 1;

$products[] = $newProduct;

echo json_encode(["message" => "Product added", "product" => $newProduct]);

break;

case 'PUT':

$id = $input['id'];

foreach ($products as &$product) {

if ($product['id'] == $id) {

$product['name'] = $input['name'];

$product['price'] = $input['price'];

echo json_encode(["message" => "Product updated", "product" => $product]);

break;

}

break;

case 'DELETE':

$id = $input['id'];

$products = array_filter($products, function ($product) use ($id) {

return $product['id'] != $id;

});

echo json_encode(["message" => "Product deleted"]);

break;

default:

http_response_code(405);

echo json_encode(["error" => "Method Not Allowed"]);

}

Exercise 2: Authentication System

Description : Create a user login and registration system with password hashing and session management.
What You Learn : User authentication, password hashing, sessions, and security practices.
Code Example :

<?php
session_start();

// Simulated database
$users = [["username" => "admin", "password" => password_hash("password123", PASSWORD_DEFAULT)]];

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {
    $username = $_POST['username'];
    $password = $_POST['password'];

    foreach ($users as $user) {
        if ($user['username'] === $username && password_verify($password, $user['password'])) {
            $_SESSION['username'] = $username;
            echo json_encode(["message" => "Login successful"]);
            exit;
        }
    }
    echo json_encode(["error" => "Invalid credentials"]);
}
?>
<!-- Login Form -->
<form method="POST" action="">
    <label for="username">Username:</label>
    <input type="text" id="username" name="username">
    <label for="password">Password:</label>
    <input type="password" id="password" name="password">
    <button type="submit">Login</button>
</form>

<?php

session_start();

// Simulated database

$users = [["username" => "admin", "password" => password_hash("password123", PASSWORD_DEFAULT)]];

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {

$username = $_POST['username'];

$password = $_POST['password'];

foreach ($users as $user) {

if ($user['username'] === $username && password_verify($password, $user['password'])) {

$_SESSION['username'] = $username;

echo json_encode(["message" => "Login successful"]);

exit;

}

echo json_encode(["error" => "Invalid credentials"]);

}

<label for="username">Username:</label>

<label for="password">Password:</label>

<button type="submit">Login</button>

</form>

Exercise 3: File Upload and Management

Description : Build a PHP script to upload files to the server and display a list of uploaded files.
What You Learn : File handling, file uploads, directory operations.
Code Example :

<?php
$uploadDir = "uploads/";

if (!is_dir($uploadDir)) {
    mkdir($uploadDir, 0777, true);
}

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST' && isset($_FILES['file'])) {
    $file = $_FILES['file'];
    $filePath = $uploadDir . basename($file['name']);

    if (move_uploaded_file($file['tmp_name'], $filePath)) {
        echo "File uploaded successfully.";
    } else {
        echo "Error uploading file.";
    }
}

$files = scandir($uploadDir);
echo "<h3>Uploaded Files:</h3>";
foreach ($files as $file) {
    if ($file !== "." && $file !== "..") {
        echo "<a href='$uploadDir$file'>$file</a><br>";
    }
}
?>
<!-- File Upload Form -->
<form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <label for="file">Upload File:</label>
    <input type="file" id="file" name="file">
    <button type="submit">Upload</button>
</form>

<?php

$uploadDir = "uploads/";

if (!is_dir($uploadDir)) {

mkdir($uploadDir, 0777, true);

}

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST' && isset($_FILES['file'])) {

$file = $_FILES['file'];

$filePath = $uploadDir . basename($file['name']);

if (move_uploaded_file($file['tmp_name'], $filePath)) {

echo "File uploaded successfully.";

} else {

echo "Error uploading file.";

}

$files = scandir($uploadDir);

echo "<h3>Uploaded Files:</h3>";

foreach ($files as $file) {

if ($file !== "." && $file !== "..") {

echo "<a href='$uploadDir$file'>$file</a><br>";

}

<label for="file">Upload File:</label>

<button type="submit">Upload</button>

</form>

Exercise 4: Email Sending

Description : Write a PHP script to send emails using the PHPMailer library.
What You Learn : Email sending, SMTP configuration, third-party libraries.
Code Example :

<?php
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer;
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\Exception;

require 'vendor/autoload.php';

$mail = new PHPMailer(true);

try {
    // Server settings
    $mail->isSMTP();
    $mail->Host = 'smtp.example.com';
    $mail->SMTPAuth = true;
    $mail->Username = 'your_email@example.com';
    $mail->Password = 'your_password';
    $mail->SMTPSecure = 'tls';
    $mail->Port = 587;

    // Recipients
    $mail->setFrom('your_email@example.com', 'Your Name');
    $mail->addAddress('recipient@example.com', 'Recipient Name');

    // Content
    $mail->isHTML(true);
    $mail->Subject = 'Test Email';
    $mail->Body    = 'This is a test email sent using PHPMailer.';

    $mail->send();
    echo 'Message has been sent';
} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo "Message could not be sent. Mailer Error: {$mail->ErrorInfo}";
}
?>

<?php

use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer;

use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\Exception;

require 'vendor/autoload.php';

$mail = new PHPMailer(true);

try {

// Server settings

$mail->isSMTP();

$mail->Host = 'smtp.example.com';

$mail->SMTPAuth = true;

$mail->Username = 'your_email@example.com';

$mail->Password = 'your_password';

$mail->SMTPSecure = 'tls';

$mail->Port = 587;

// Recipients

$mail->setFrom('your_email@example.com', 'Your Name');

$mail->addAddress('recipient@example.com', 'Recipient Name');

// Content

$mail->isHTML(true);

$mail->Subject = 'Test Email';

$mail->Body = 'This is a test email sent using PHPMailer.';

$mail->send();

echo 'Message has been sent';

} catch (Exception $e) {

echo "Message could not be sent. Mailer Error: {$mail->ErrorInfo}";

}

Exercise 5: Real-Time Chat Application

Description : Build a real-time chat application using PHP, AJAX, and WebSocket or long polling.
What You Learn : Real-time communication, AJAX, WebSocket/long polling.
Code Example :

<?php
// Simulated chat storage
$messagesFile = "messages.json";

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {
    $message = $_POST['message'];
    $messages = json_decode(file_get_contents($messagesFile), true) ?? [];
    $messages[] = $message;
    file_put_contents($messagesFile, json_encode($messages));
    echo json_encode(["status" => "success"]);
} else {
    $messages = json_decode(file_get_contents($messagesFile), true) ?? [];
    echo json_encode($messages);
}
?>
<!-- Chat Interface -->
<div id="chat-box"></div>
<input type="text" id="message-input">
<button onclick="sendMessage()">Send</button>

<script>
function loadMessages() {
    fetch('chat.php')
        .then(response => response.json())
        .then(messages => {
            const chatBox = document.getElementById('chat-box');
            chatBox.innerHTML = messages.map(msg => `<div>${msg}</div>`).join('');
        });
}

function sendMessage() {
    const message = document.getElementById('message-input').value;
    fetch('chat.php', {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' },
        body: `message=${encodeURIComponent(message)}`
    }).then(() => loadMessages());
}

setInterval(loadMessages, 1000);
</script>

<?php

// Simulated chat storage

$messagesFile = "messages.json";

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {

$message = $_POST['message'];

$messages = json_decode(file_get_contents($messagesFile), true) ?? [];

$messages[] = $message;

file_put_contents($messagesFile, json_encode($messages));

echo json_encode(["status" => "success"]);

} else {

$messages = json_decode(file_get_contents($messagesFile), true) ?? [];

echo json_encode($messages);

}

function loadMessages() {

fetch('chat.php')

.then(response => response.json())

.then(messages => {

const chatBox = document.getElementById('chat-box');

chatBox.innerHTML = messages.map(msg => `<div>${msg}</div>`).join('');

});

}

function sendMessage() {

const message = document.getElementById('message-input').value;

fetch('chat.php', {

method: 'POST',

headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' },

body: `message=${encodeURIComponent(message)}`

}).then(() => loadMessages());

}

setInterval(loadMessages, 1000);

</script>

Exercise 6: Payment Gateway Integration

Description : Integrate a payment gateway (e.g., PayPal, Stripe) into a PHP application.
What You Learn : Payment processing, API integration, secure transactions.
Code Example (Stripe):

<?php
require 'vendor/autoload.php';

\Stripe\Stripe::setApiKey('your_stripe_secret_key');

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {
    $token = $_POST['stripeToken'];
    $amount = $_POST['amount'];

    try {
        $charge = \Stripe\Charge::create([
            'amount' => $amount * 100,
            'currency' => 'usd',
            'source' => $token,
            'description' => 'Test Charge'
        ]);
        echo "Payment successful!";
    } catch (\Stripe\Exception\ApiErrorException $e) {
        echo "Payment failed: " . $e->getMessage();
    }
}
?>
<!-- Payment Form -->
<form action="" method="POST">
    <script src="https://checkout.stripe.com/checkout.js" class="stripe-button"
        data-key="your_stripe_public_key"
        data-amount="1000"
        data-name="Demo Site"
        data-description="Test Payment"
        data-currency="usd">
    </script>
</form>

<?php

require 'vendor/autoload.php';

\Stripe\Stripe::setApiKey('your_stripe_secret_key');

if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {

$token = $_POST['stripeToken'];

$amount = $_POST['amount'];

try {

$charge = \Stripe\Charge::create([

'amount' => $amount * 100,

'currency' => 'usd',

'source' => $token,

'description' => 'Test Charge'

]);

echo "Payment successful!";

} catch (\Stripe\Exception\ApiErrorException $e) {

echo "Payment failed: " . $e->getMessage();

}

data-key="your_stripe_public_key"

data-amount="1000"

data-name="Demo Site"

data-description="Test Payment"

data-currency="usd">

</script>

</form>

Exercise 7: Web Scraping

Description : Use PHP to scrape data from a website and store it in a database.
What You Learn : Web scraping, DOM parsing, database integration.
Code Example :

<?php
$html = file_get_contents('https://example.com');
$dom = new DOMDocument();
@$dom->loadHTML($html);

$xpath = new DOMXPath($dom);
$elements = $xpath->query('//h1');

foreach ($elements as $element) {
    echo $element->nodeValue . "<br>";
}
?>

<?php

$html = file_get_contents('https://example.com');

$dom = new DOMDocument();

@$dom->loadHTML($html);

$xpath = new DOMXPath($dom);

$elements = $xpath->query('//h1');

foreach ($elements as $element) {

echo $element->nodeValue . "<br>";

}

Exercise 8: GraphQL API

Description : Build a GraphQL API using PHP to query and mutate data.
What You Learn : GraphQL, schema design, querying and mutating data.
Code Example :

<?php
require 'vendor/autoload.php';

use GraphQL\Type\Schema;
use GraphQL\GraphQL;
use GraphQL\Type\Definition\Type;
use GraphQL\Type\Definition\ObjectType;

$queryType = new ObjectType([
    'name' => 'Query',
    'fields' => [
        'hello' => [
            'type' => Type::string(),
            'resolve' => function () {
                return 'Hello, world!';
            }
        ]
    ]
]);

$schema = new Schema([
    'query' => $queryType
]);

$rawInput = file_get_contents('php://input');
$input = json_decode($rawInput, true);
$query = $input['query'];

try {
    $result = GraphQL::executeQuery($schema, $query);
    echo json_encode($result->toArray());
} catch (\Exception $e) {
    echo json_encode(['error' => $e->getMessage()]);
}
?>

<?php

require 'vendor/autoload.php';

use GraphQL\Type\Schema;

use GraphQL\GraphQL;

use GraphQL\Type\Definition\Type;

use GraphQL\Type\Definition\ObjectType;

$queryType = new ObjectType([

'name' => 'Query',

'fields' => [

'hello' => [

'type' => Type::string(),

'resolve' => function () {

return 'Hello, world!';

}

]

]);

$schema = new Schema([

'query' => $queryType

]);

$rawInput = file_get_contents('php://input');

$input = json_decode($rawInput, true);

$query = $input['query'];

try {

$result = GraphQL::executeQuery($schema, $query);

echo json_encode($result->toArray());

} catch (\Exception $e) {

echo json_encode(['error' => $e->getMessage()]);

}

These exercises cover advanced topics like API development , authentication , file handling , email sending , real-time communication , payment gateway integration , web scraping , and GraphQL . They provide practical, real-world applications of PHP and will help you explore areas beyond the syllabus.

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School ICT Self Study

ICT Learning & Teaching Resource ( AL/OL )

Exercise 10.1: Basic PHP Syntax

Exercise 10.2: Variables and Data Types

Exercise 10.3: Arrays

Exercise 10.4: Control Structures

Exercise 10.5: Loops

Exercise 10.6: Functions

Exercise 10.7: Forms and User Input

Exercise 10.8: Connecting to a Database

Exercise 10.9: Dynamic Web Pages with PHP and MySQL

Exercise 10.10: File Handling

Exercise 10.11: Session Management

Exercise 1: RESTful API Development

Exercise 2: Authentication System

Exercise 3: File Upload and Management

Exercise 4: Email Sending

Exercise 5: Real-Time Chat Application

Exercise 6: Payment Gateway Integration

Exercise 7: Web Scraping

Exercise 8: GraphQL API

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