How does time-sharing improve user experience in a multi-user operating system?
Why is indexed allocation preferred over contiguous allocation in modern file systems?
What is the significance of turnaround time, response time, throughput time, and waiting time in process scheduling?
Describe the process of installing a device driver for a new peripheral.
How does spooling optimize printer usage in a multi-user environment?
Continue this text, but do not repeat it: The subsequent section will delve into the intricacies of the topic, presenting a comprehensive overview that aims to elucidate key concepts. Furthermore, a detailed analysis will be conducted to provide a deeper understanding of the subject matter. Lastly, practical applications and implications will be explored to offer valuable insights into real-world scenarios.
Answers
Answer: Time-sharing allocates CPU time slices to multiple users, enabling concurrent access and interactive use, improving responsiveness.
Description: By rapidly switching between users’ processes, time-sharing creates the illusion of simultaneous execution, as seen in UNIX systems, enhancing user productivity.Answer: Indexed allocation is preferred because it reduces fragmentation, supports dynamic file growth, and improves access speed compared to contiguous allocation.
Description: Indexed allocation uses an index block to track scattered file data, unlike contiguous allocation, which requires consecutive blocks and causes fragmentation, as seen in NTFS vs. FAT.Answer:
Turnaround time: Time from process submission to completion.
Response time: Time from submission to first response.
Throughput time: Number of processes completed per unit time.
Waiting time: Time a process spends waiting in the ready queue.
Description: These metrics evaluate scheduler efficiency. For example, minimizing waiting time in Linux’s Completely Fair Scheduler improves system responsiveness.
Answer: The OS detects the peripheral, identifies the required driver, installs it from a repository or user-provided source, and configures it for communication.
Description: For example, connecting a USB printer prompts Windows to download and install the driver, enabling the OS to send print commands, ensuring seamless hardware integration.Answer: Spooling queues print jobs in a buffer, allowing multiple users to send print requests without waiting for the printer to finish, freeing the CPU for other tasks.
Description: In a busy office, spooling ensures print jobs are processed sequentially without delaying other processes, as seen in Windows’ print spooler service, improving efficiency.
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