ICT Revision MCQ Series (AL Grade 12) . 1 Basic concepts of ICT together with its role and applicability

Data (raw facts) becomes information when processed to add meaning, a key concept in understanding ICT’s role in transforming data for use.

The data lifecycle consists of creation (generating data), management (organizing and maintaining it), and removal of obsolete data (secure deletion). This definition aligns with the process of handling data in ICT systems, ensuring efficiency and security. Suggested image: Data Lifecycle Diagram (https://i.imgur.com/sample-datalifecycle.png).

Cloud computing allows small businesses to access data remotely, scale storage, and collaborate without investing in physical infrastructure, transforming information management.

A motion sensor detects movement (input), the system processes it to decide action (process), and turns the light on or off (output), reflecting ICT’s abstract model in smart systems. Suggested image: Smart Home System (https://i.imgur.com/sample-smarthome.png).

Data gathering is the initial step, involving the collection of raw data, which is then validated, processed, output, and stored in the data processing cycle.

Data (raw facts) becomes information when processed to add meaning, a key concept in understanding ICT’s role in transforming data for use.

Certified recycling programs safely handle e-waste, preventing environmental harm from toxic materials like lead, addressing ICT’s environmental impact.

Telemedicine uses ICT to provide remote consultations, improving access to healthcare, unlike manual or physical methods that don’t rely on technology.

Open-source software is free and flexible but may lack formal support, requiring technical expertise, a key consideration in ICT system design.

The abstract model (input, process, output) describes how data is transformed into information, aligning with computer operations and ICT system design. Suggested image: Abstract Model Diagram (https://i.imgur.com/sample-abstractmodel.png).

Digital literacy programs equip individuals with skills to use ICT, bridging the gap between those with and without access, a critical step toward inclusivity.

ICT is used in healthcare (electronic health records), education (online platforms), and finance (online banking), but agriculture also uses ICT (e.g., precision farming), making (c) incorrect.

Manual data processing, such as paper records, often leads to inconsistency and duplication due to human errors, highlighting the need for ICT to improve data integrity.

Barcode readers scan product codes to collect data quickly and accurately, automating data gathering in retail environments, a common ICT application.

ICT enables online learning platforms (e.g., MOOCs), providing inclusive access to education, aligning with SDG 4’s goal of quality education for all.

Input devices (e.g., keyboards) are a category of hardware, alongside output devices, processing units, and storage devices, forming the physical components of a computer system.

Open-source software, like Linux, benefits from community contributions, offering flexibility and cost-effectiveness compared to proprietary software’s restricted model.

Timeliness ensures information is available when needed, making it valuable for decision-making, a critical aspect in a knowledge-based society.

The system uses a barcode scan (input), searches the database to verify the book’s status (process), and outputs loan approval or denial, reflecting the abstract model in ICT. Suggested image: Library System Diagram (https://i.imgur.com/sample-librarysystem.png).

The digital divide, the gap between those with and without ICT access, is a social issue caused by ICT’s advancement, highlighting the need for equitable solutions.

Real-time processing provides instant updates (e.g., inventory or order status), improving customer experience and efficiency in online retail ICT systems.

The Internet enables rapid information sharing through websites, emails, and social media, making it a cornerstone technology for dissemination in ICT.

A range check ensures data is within a specified range (e.g., age between 0 and 120), preventing errors in data processing, a critical step in ICT systems.

Governments use the internet for information sharing, e-services for applications, feedback systems for citizen input, and email for internal communication, leveraging ICT for efficiency.

ICT enhances communication through platforms like social media and messaging apps, fostering global connectivity and collaboration, a key social benefit.

Government websites provide a centralized platform for accessing services, information, and e-services, making them the primary ICT method for citizen-government interaction.

ICT enables online education (e.g., e-learning), record management in healthcare (e.g., electronic health records), precision farming in agriculture (e.g., sensor-based irrigation), and online transactions in finance (e.g., mobile banking). Suggested image: ICT Applications (https://i.imgur.com/sample-ictapplications.png).

Distance education relies on ICT for remote activities like assignments and video calls, but physical lab experiments require in-person facilities, making them infeasible through ICT alone.

Big data refers to large, complex datasets (e.g., social media or sensor data) requiring advanced ICT tools for processing, a key concept in modern data management. Suggested image: Big Data Concept (https://i.imgur.com/sample-bigdata.png).

Timeliness ensures information is available when needed, enabling effective business decisions and avoiding losses from delays, a core characteristic of valuable information.