Introduction to Programming | Grade 7 ICT Lesson 5

Introduction to Programming

Programme development is an exciting and creative process where we solve problems using computers. It involves writing instructions in a specific order to make the computer perform tasks. Let’s dive into the basics of programme development and learn how to create your own programs!

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Why is Programme Development Important?

Programme development helps us solve complex problems by breaking them into smaller, more manageable parts. This method makes it easier to design and understand solutions step by step.

The Three Control Structures

Every program follows a specific flow or structure to execute its instructions. There are three main control structures used in programming:

1. Sequence

• Instructions are executed step by step in the order they are written.
• Example: Making tea involves steps like boiling water, adding tea leaves, and pouring the tea into a cup in a sequence.

2. Selection

• Decisions are made based on conditions.
• Example: If it is raining, take an umbrella; otherwise, you don’t.
• In programming, we use “if” statements to implement selection.

3. Repetition

• Certain instructions are repeated multiple times until a condition is met.
• Example: Counting numbers from 1 to 10 involves repeating the act of adding 1 to the current number.

Using Flowcharts to Plan a Program

A flowchart is a diagram that visually represents the flow of instructions in a program.

Key Features of Flowcharts:

• Flow direction is determined by conditions in the chart.
• Arrows show the order in which tasks are performed.
• Flowcharts make complex processes easier to understand.

Exploring Scratch for Visual Programming

Scratch is an open-source programming platform that allows you to create visual programs easily. It uses command blocks to build your programs.

What are Command Blocks?

Command blocks are pre-defined instructions in Scratch that help you build your program step by step.

Types of Command Blocks for Decisions:

1. If Block
   • Executes instructions only if the condition is true.
   • Example: “If the light is green, walk.”
2. If-Else Block
   • Executes one set of instructions if the condition is true and another if it is false.
   • Example: “If it is raining, take an umbrella; else, enjoy the sunshine.”

Variables in Programming

In programming, a variable is a placeholder used to store values in the computer’s memory.

Example:

• In Scratch, you can use a variable to store the score in a game.
• If the player scores a point, you update the variable by adding 1.

Handling Errors in Programs

When writing a program, you might encounter errors or mistakes. These are called bugs.

Debugging:

• Debugging is the process of finding and fixing these errors in your program.
• Debugging helps ensure that your program runs smoothly and performs as expected.

Steps to Develop a Program

1. Understand the Problem
   • Break down the problem into smaller parts.
2. Plan the Solution
   • Create a flowchart or write an algorithm.
3. Write the Program
   • Use tools like Scratch to implement your plan.
4. Test the Program
   • Run your program to check if it works correctly.
5. Debug Errors
   • Fix any bugs or mistakes.
6. Refine the Program
   • Improve the program based on feedback or testing results.

Summary

Programme development is like solving a puzzle step by step. By using control structures like sequence, selection, and repetition, and tools like Scratch, you can create amazing programs. Don’t forget to debug your code to ensure it works perfectly. Remember, programming is all about practice and creativity!

FAQs

1. What are the three control structures in programming?

• Sequence, selection, and repetition.

2. What is Scratch?
Scratch is an open-source visual programming tool that uses command blocks to create programs.

3. What is a variable in programming?
A variable is a placeholder used to store values in a program.

4. What is a bug in programming?
A bug is an error or mistake in a program.

5. What is debugging?
Debugging is the process of finding and fixing errors in a program.