ICT Revision MCQ Series (AL Grade 12) . 2 Explores the evolution of computing devices

An ATM system uses the PIN as input, verifies it against the database, and outputs cash dispensing, aligning with the input-process-output model.

The Control Unit (CU) fetches instructions, decodes them, and coordinates their execution, managing the fetch-execute cycle in Von-Neumann architecture.

ICT enables GPS navigation in tourism, criminal databases in law enforcement, digital content delivery in media, and CAD tools in engineering, improving efficiency and accuracy.

Von-Neumann architecture includes input, output, memory, control unit, and ALU. Cache memory is a specific type of memory, not a core component of the architecture.

Touch screens are input devices, not storage devices, which include hard disks, Blu-Ray discs, flash memory cards, and magnetic tapes used for data storage.

A traffic monitoring system uses vehicle speed as input, processes it by comparing with the speed limit, and outputs an alert if the limit is exceeded.

Statements (a), (b), and (d) are correct. Magnetic tapes (c) are slower for random access, and PROM (e) is programmable only once, not erasable.

Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) aligns its operations with the CPU clock, improving data transfer speed compared to traditional DRAM, used in main memory.

The keyboard is the primary input device for text entry in personal computers, allowing users to input data manually, unlike specialized devices like barcode readers or scanners.

ICT enables online learning in education, video conferencing for business operations, process automation in manufacturing, and parallel computing for scientific research, reflecting its diverse applications.

Fifth-generation computers focus on advanced technologies like AI, quantum computing, and parallel processing. Vacuum tubes were used in first-generation computers, not future systems.

Weather forecasting systems use sensor data (e.g., temperature, humidity) as input, analyze patterns to process data, and output weather predictions.

A smart home security system uses motion sensors as input, processes movement data, and outputs an alarm activation if unauthorized activity is detected.

Computers are classified by size as supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. A microchip is a component, not a computer category.

Parallel computing enables simultaneous processing of multiple votes, improving speed and efficiency in a digital voting system, critical for large-scale elections.

Statements (a), (b), and (d) are correct. SRAM (c) is used in cache, not main memory, and analog computers (e) are not used in modern PCs, which are digital.

Early calculating aids were mechanical or manual devices like the abacus, slide rule, Pascaline, and Difference Engine, used before electronic computers. The microprocessor, a modern electronic component, was introduced in the fourth generation of computers.

SRAM is volatile memory used in cache, losing data when power is off. PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory are non-volatile, retaining data without power.

A point-of-sale system uses the product barcode as input, processes it to retrieve the price from a database, and outputs the total cost on the display.

Supercomputers are designed for high-performance tasks like scientific simulations, offering immense processing power compared to other computer types.

Laser printers are widely used in offices for high-quality, fast, and efficient document printing, offering better resolution than dot matrix or inkjet printers.

Statements (a), (c), and (d) are correct. Flash memory (b) is non-volatile, and grid computing (e) uses multiple distributed computers, not a single one.

Third-generation computers used integrated circuits, not vacuum tubes, which were characteristic of first-generation computers, enabling smaller size and faster processing.

ICT enables computational simulations in research, algorithmic trading in finance, automated diagnostics in healthcare, and precision farming in agriculture, leveraging advanced technology.

Blu-Ray discs offer high capacity (up to 50GB) and portability, making them ideal for storing and transferring large media files like videos.

ICT enables soil monitoring in agriculture, digital record management in healthcare, online learning in education, and electronic transactions in finance, enhancing efficiency across sectors.

EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) is used in BIOS chips because it allows firmware updates through electrical erasure and reprogramming.

Statements (a), (b), (d), and (e) are correct. Parallel computing (c) is used in various systems, not only supercomputers, making it incorrect.

Cache (e) is incorrect as it stores frequently accessed data, not permanent firmware. The other components correctly match their functions in Von-Neumann architecture.

The library system uses the book barcode as input, processes it by updating the database, and outputs a confirmation of the checkout, aligning with the input-process-output model.